The word "Bon-sai" is a Japanese term which, literally translates to, "planted in a container." The art of Bonsai derives from an ancient Chinese horticultural practice, part of which was then redeveloped under the influence of Japanese Zen Buddhism.
Several factors contribute to keeing bonsai small. The tree is grown in a
container which limits the growth and extent of the tree roots. Trimming,
pruning and repotting limit the tree's growth. A shallow container limits
the amount of soil and nutrients available to the tree. But even though its
growth is limited, a properly managed bonsai will still maintain the
characteristics of a fully grown
Yes, that's the beauty of bonsai! Bonsai is not a tree species, it's a combination of cultivation techniques to produce small trees that mimic the shape and scale of full-size trees in small containers. Some popular tree species include the Maple, Pines, and Junipers, but you might have your own favorites that you want to try. You can find information on several different species on our website.
The first decision you have to make is whether the bonsai will be placed indoors or outdoors. The most popular indoor bonsai are Ficus and Carmona trees. If you prefer growing outdoors the most popular tree species are Maples, Pines, and Junipers.
If this would be your first bonsai, the Ficus is an excellent choice for indoors and the Juniper works well for outdoors. Both species are resilient and very forgiving of mistakes!
Bonsai do require more work than an ordinary houseplant. Indoor bonsai should be placed next to a South-facing window with ample sunshine. Species like the Ficus or Carmona require relatively high-humidity, so invest in a humidity tray. As a general rule, place outdoor Bonsai at a bright spot with lots of light. If your summers are especially hot, providing afternoon shade will be beneficial for your bonsai. In winter you might need to protect your trees from cold and frost.
Watering is crucial to the health of your bonsai. How often a tree needs to be watered depends on the tree species, the time of year, the soil mixture, the climate and the size of the tree and the pot. Read up on the watering needs of your species to choose the approach that will result in a healthy and vibrant tree.
Too much watering can lead to longterm problems, so don't be tied to a fixed schedule. Instead, keep a close eye on the topsoil, and when you see that it's drying out slightly, water it so that the entire root mass is thoroughly wetted.
Like all living trees, bonsai are susceptible to insect attacks and disease. You can keep your bonsai healthy by: a) Giving your bonsai ample light, fresh air, and ventilation; b) Keeping the solie free of spent blooms and fallen leaves which will decay and foul the soil, and c) Use proper watering techniques that will not leave the soil overly moist or muddy.
To prevent insects from harming your tree, consider using an insecticidal soap spray which is not harmful to humans or animals. The soap spray may require more than one application to control the insect population. A weekly spray is often recommended.
How old do trees get? If properly cared for, bonsai can outlive fully grown trees in nature. Some mountain-born bonsai live to over 800 years old. These treasures are often passed on from one generation to the next in the bonsai nurseries of Japan. The oldest bonsai is believed to be a Ficus tree at Crespi, Italy with an estimated age of over 1000 years!
The bonsai that you grow and cultivate might become a family heirloom to be passed on and treasured by your descendants.